Flood infrastructure and management ballot measures

Voters have decided on flood infrastructure and management ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this includes measures regarding the development, funding, and regulation of infrastructure to mitigate flood risks. The topic is grouped within the environment and energy policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

Topic information

• State ballot measure topics
• Local ballot measure topics
• History of ballot measures by topic

Topic path

State ballot measure

Environment and energy policy

Natural disaster policy

Flood infrastructure and management

Related ballot measures

Related state and local ballot measure topics

State ballot measures

Earthquake infrastructure Storm infrastructure Wildfire management

Local ballot measures

Local environment policy

Explore more state ballot measure topics

Scroll to explore topics. Click a topic to view more information.

Budget and tax policy

Economic regulations Banking policy Business regulations Insurance policy Public economic investment policy Tax policy Business taxes Carbon taxes and fees Fees, licenses, and charges Food and beverage taxes Fuel taxes Income taxes Property taxes Property tax exemptions Sales taxes Severance taxes Tobacco and cigarette taxes Budget policy Balanced budget requirements Budget stabilization funds Debt limits Revenue allocation Revenue and spending limits Restricted-use funds Bond issues Bond issue requirements Tax and revenue administration

Criminal justice and law enforcement policy

Civil law and trials Civil trials Tort law Criminal sentences and trials Bail policy Criminal sentencing Criminal trials Death penalty Juvenile criminal justice Parole policy Drug regulations Alcohol laws Drug crime policy Marijuana laws Psychedelic substance laws Smoking bans Tobacco laws Law enforcement and corrections Corrections governance Law enforcement funding Law enforcement officers and departments Prison and jail funding Prison work regulations Crime victims' rights Dueling bans

Education policy

Higher education Higher education funding Higher education governance Public K–12 education Public education funding Public education governance Public school teachers and staff Religion in public schools School class size policy Early childhood education School choice policy

Election policy

Direct democracy Ballot measure supermajority requirements Ballot measure process Initiative and referendum process Recall process Electoral systems Cumulative voting Presidential electoral vote Primary election systems Proportional representation Ranked-choice voting Runoff elections Term limits Congressional term limits Executive official term limits Judicial term limits Local official term limits State legislative term limits Voting policy Absentee and mail voting Citizenship voting requirements Early voting Literacy, poll tax, and property voting requirements Primary election participation Race and suffrage Residency voting requirements Voter ID policy Voter registration Voting age policy Voting rights for persons with criminal convictions Women's suffrage Age limits for officials Campaign finance Election administration and governance Redistricting policy

Environment and energy policy

Energy policy Carbon emissions regulations Energy conservation and efficiency Energy market regulations Energy transmission projects Fossil fuel energy Hydroelectric energy Nuclear energy Solar and wind energy Hunting and fishing Fisheries and fishing regulations Game and fish commissions Hunting regulations Right to hunt and fish Natural disaster policy Earthquake infrastructure Flood infrastructure and management Storm infrastructure Wildfire management Agriculture policy Animal treatment laws Food policy Forestry and timber Mineral resources Parks, land, and natural area conservation Pollution, waste, and recycling policy

Governance policy

Administrative agencies Administrative organization Administrative powers and rulemaking Local government Local government organization Local government officials and elections Local government finance and taxes State constitutions Constitutional rights Constitutional wording changes State constitution ratification State constitutional conventions State executives Executive branch structure State executive elections State executive powers and duties State legislatures State legislative authority State legislative elections State legislative processes and sessions State legislative structure State legislative vote requirements State judiciary State judicial authority State judicial selection State judiciary oversight State judiciary structure Census policy Civil service Ethics rules and commissions Federal government issues Jury rules Impeachment rules Open meetings and public information Salaries of government officials State capitals State flags, symbols, and holidays Statehood Time standards

Infrastructure policy

Housing policy Homestead tax exemptions Housing assistance programs Housing development funding Rent control and regulations Transportation policy Airport infrastructure Highways and bridges Non-motorized transportation Ports and harbors Public transportation Railways Toll roads Transportation taxes and fees Vehicle and driver regulations Water infrastructure Drinking water systems Sewage and stormwater Water irrigation policy Water storage Eminent domain policy Land use and development policy Public land policy Telecommunications infrastructure Utility policy

Labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy

Labor union policy Collective bargaining Labor disputes and strikes Labor union deductions Right-to-work laws Healthcare policy Complementary and alternative healthcare Healthcare facility funding Healthcare governance Private health insurance Public health insurance Vaccinations and disease policy Work regulations Child labor regulations Gender-based labor regulations Minimum wage laws Paid sick leave laws Workers' compensation laws Working hours regulations Public assistance programs Public employee retirement funds Public works labor and contracting

Military and veteran policy

Defense-related funding Government continuity policy Military service policy Military-related advisory questions Nuclear weapons policy State National Guard and militia Veterans policy

Social issue policy

Abortion policy Affirmative action American Indian issues Assisted death policy Athletics and sports English language policy Family-related policy Firearms policy Gambling policy Immigration policy LGBTQ issues Race and ethnicity issues Religion-related policy Sex and gender issues Sexual content regulations Sunday regulations

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

1. Arkansas Natural Resources Commission Bond Measure (2026) - On the ballot

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2026

1. Arkansas Natural Resources Commission Bond Measure (2026) - On the ballot

2024

1. California Proposition 4, Parks, Environment, Energy, and Water Bond Measure (2024)

2022

1. Florida Amendment 1, Disregard Flood Resistance Improvements in Property Value Assessments Measure (2022)

2018

1. Virginia Question 1, Property Tax Exemption for Flood Abatement Amendment (2018)

2014

1. California Proposition 1, Water Bond (2014)

2003

1. New Jersey Question 3, Bonds for Flood Control and Water Improvement (2003)

1981

1. Pennsylvania Question 1, Water Supply Systems Bond Measure (1981)

1980

1. Kansas Infrastructure, Amendment 1 (1980)

1978

1. Alaska Bonding Proposition 1, Flood Control and Port Development Bond Measure (1978)

1977

1. Alabama Buttahatchee River Amendment (September 1977)

1975

1. Pennsylvania Financial Assistance for Flood Damages Amendment (1975)

1973

1. Alabama Buttahatchee River Development Amendment (December 1973)

1972

1. Alaska Proposition 7, Flood Control and Small Boat Harbor Bond Measure (1972)
2. Pennsylvania Financial Assistance for 1971-1972 Flood Damage Amendment (1972)

1970

1. Louisiana Amite River Authority Amendment (1970)
2. Louisiana Amite River Authority Amendment Two (1970)

1968

1. Louisiana Pontchartrain Levee Amendment (1968)

1946

1. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Internal Improvement Limitations Amendment (1946)

1945

1. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Improvements of Waterways Amendment (April 1945)

1936

1. Washington Referendum 4, State Flood Control Fund Measure (1936)

1930

1. Michigan Funding for Waterway Improvements Amendment (1930)

1922

1. California Proposition 17, Stream Usage Amendment (1922)

1915

1. Michigan Bonds for Drainage Purposes Amendment (April 1915)

1914

1. Michigan Bonds for Drains and Agricultural Lands Amendment (1914)

1906

1. Florida Board of Drainage Commissioners Amendment (1906)

Alabama

1. Alabama Buttahatchee River Amendment (September 1977)
2. Alabama Buttahatchee River Development Amendment (December 1973)

Alaska

1. Alaska Bonding Proposition 1, Flood Control and Port Development Bond Measure (1978)
2. Alaska Proposition 7, Flood Control and Small Boat Harbor Bond Measure (1972)

Arkansas

1. Arkansas Natural Resources Commission Bond Measure (2026) - On the ballot

California

1. California Proposition 1, Water Bond (2014)
2. California Proposition 17, Stream Usage Amendment (1922)
3. California Proposition 4, Parks, Environment, Energy, and Water Bond Measure (2024)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 1, Disregard Flood Resistance Improvements in Property Value Assessments Measure (2022)
2. Florida Board of Drainage Commissioners Amendment (1906)

Kansas

1. Kansas Infrastructure, Amendment 1 (1980)

Louisiana

1. Louisiana Amite River Authority Amendment (1970)
2. Louisiana Amite River Authority Amendment Two (1970)
3. Louisiana Pontchartrain Levee Amendment (1968)

Michigan

1. Michigan Bonds for Drainage Purposes Amendment (April 1915)
2. Michigan Bonds for Drains and Agricultural Lands Amendment (1914)
3. Michigan Funding for Waterway Improvements Amendment (1930)
4. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Internal Improvement Limitations Amendment (1946)
5. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Improvements of Waterways Amendment (April 1945)

New Jersey

1. New Jersey Question 3, Bonds for Flood Control and Water Improvement (2003)

Pennsylvania

1. Pennsylvania Financial Assistance for 1971-1972 Flood Damage Amendment (1972)
2. Pennsylvania Financial Assistance for Flood Damages Amendment (1975)
3. Pennsylvania Question 1, Water Supply Systems Bond Measure (1981)

Virginia

1. Virginia Question 1, Property Tax Exemption for Flood Abatement Amendment (2018)

Washington

1. Washington Referendum 4, State Flood Control Fund Measure (1936)

See also

State & Local Ballot Measures

Ballotpedia

Measures

• • State ballot measures
• • Local ballot measures
• • Analyses

Topics

• • State ballot measure topics
• • Local ballot measure topics

Laws

• • Laws governing ballot measures
• • Changes to laws governing ballot measures
• • Types of ballot measures
• • Ballot measure policy topics

History

• • Historical Ballot Measures (HBM) Factbooks
• • History of ballot measures by topic

Campaigns

• • Campaign finance
• • Endorsements
• • Polls

Footnotes

State ballot measures

State

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

By year

2026 • 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 • 2013 • 2012 • 2011 • 2010 • 2009 • 2008 • 2007 • 2006 • 2005 • 2004 • 2003 • 2002 • 2001 • 2000 • 1999 • 1998 • 1997 • 1996 • 1995 • 1994 • 1993 • 1992 • 1991 • 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1987 • 1986 • 1985 • 1984 • 1983 • 1982 • 1981 • 1980 • 1979 • 1978 • 1977 • 1976 • 1975 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 • 1971 • 1970 • 1969 • 1968 • 1967 • 1966 • 1965 • 1964 • 1963 • 1962 • 1961 • 1960 • 1959 • 1958 • 1957 • 1956 • 1955 • 1954 • 1953 • 1952 • 1951 • 1950 • 1949 • 1948 • 1947 • 1946 • 1945 • 1944 • 1943 • 1942 • 1941 • 1940 • 1939 • 1938 • 1937 • 1936 • 1935 • 1934 • 1933 • 1932 • 1931 • 1930 • 1929 • 1928 • 1927 • 1926 • 1925 • 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 • 1920 • 1919 • 1918 • 1917 • 1916 • 1915 • 1914 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911 • 1910 • 1909 • 1908 • 1907 • 1906 • 1905 • 1904 • 1903 • 1902 • 1901 • 1900